Almost 90% of maize in south africa is produced under dry land condition and the remaining 10% is produced under irrigated conditions. Dec 15, 2016 maize remains a key food crop in africa, latin america and asia where it is primarily used as human food. In tropical regions such as hawaii, africa, and central america, yearround maize production can result in sequential. Jul 26, 2018 maize zea mays is today the most widely grown grain crop, with global production standing at just over one billion tons. Report on previous studies conducted in south africa on the maize. Africas encounter with a new world crop, 15002000 by mccann, james c. Kenya, zambia, and zimbabwe indicates that african farmers were capable of generating maize surpluses at prices below the production costs for. However, lesotho has the largest consumption per capita with 174 kg per year. A recently published research paper by agricultural economists jan greyling and philip pardey in the agrekon journal brings home some key points about south africas maize production in terms of. The data are for the different sovereign countries of the world. Use of maize for biofuel production increases the demand, and therefore price of maize. Melinda smale, derek byerlee, and thom jayne melinda smale and thom jayne are with michigan state university and the tegemeo institute of agricultural policy and development, egerton university, kenya. Production areas maize is produced throughout south africa with free state, mpumalanga and north west provinces being the largest producers, accounting for approximately 73% of total production. Maize production in the north west province mmidi tswana maize is the main staple food of the majority of south africans and is produced widely on a small scale as well as commercially.
Exact figures on area cultivated for maize in africa. Thus, from the very start of hybrid seed production, the identity. This, in turn, results in farm acreage being diverted from other food crops to maize production. Approximately 8,0 million tons of maize grain are produced in south africa annually on approximately. According to the crop estimates committee cec, the maize production in africa increased by 6% during the 20182019 cropping season, compared to the previous cropping season. Maize milling report national agricultural marketing council. Pdf determinants of maize production in uganda mutyaba. Within the region, uganda is the biggest exporter of maize to her regional counterparts. A brief history of south africas maize production wandile.
It includes both commercial and smallholder production, decomposed into their respective output, planted area and yield components. Maize is the third most important food crop in the world surpassed only by two other grains, wheat and rice kyenpia et al. Maize is a staple crop in zimbabwe and hence bears important implications for poverty alleviation and food security attainment. Understanding maize production part 1 farmers weekly. Pakanyi brain injury group 1 name of proposal maize farming project maize production. Current maize production, postharvest losses and the risk. The region relies heavily on rain fed agricultural systems and. Current maize production, postharvest losses and the risk of. Finally, the study concluded by advocating adequate market with good stable prices for maize farmers products that would enhance maize production in the study area and the country at large. Cultivation on marginal crop lands is, however, not recommended. In africa, yield losses due to weeds range from 25% to total crop failure. Given the accumulating evidence of climate change in subsaharan africa, there is an urgent need to develop more climate resilient maize systems.
The global demand for maize imports continues to increase. Maize zea mays, also called corn, is believed to have originated in central mexico 7000 years ago from a wild grass, and native americans transformed maize into a better source of food. Eastern and southern africa use 85% of its production as food, while africa as a whole uses 95%, compared to other world regions that use most of its maize as animal feed. The reason why africans prefer white maize to yellow is that yellow maize is too sweet for people to eat as a staple food. Africa, more and more land is used for maize production. Maize production in south africa has increased in the recent past. Allocation of maize to the different maize consumption categorises 60 figure 32.
Pdf fertilizer use and maize production in subsaharan africa. Maize production, productivity and profitability are crucial for. Ranking of statistics maize production tons the 5 highest records for sovereign countries 1 per country since 1961. One interesting remark from someone on twitter following my blogpost about south africas sorghum production was that the crop is of african origin, but is now being displaced by other crops such as maize, which originated elsewhere. Oluoch 1the african agricultural technology foundation 2international centre of insect physiology and ecology. Africa maize market growth, trends, industry analysis and. Maize markets in eastern and southern africa esa in the. South africa maize market growth trends forecast 2020. Maize production, economic analysis, peasant farmers. This reduces the supply of the other food crops and increases their prices.
Africa maize market growth, trends, industry analysis. It is widely eaten in various forms and more than 900 million africans depend on maize every year because it is often cheaper than. Name of implementing pakanyi brain injury group organization contact address co p. Constraints and opportunities of maize production in western. In subsaharan africa,ssa maize is the most important cereal crop and staple food for about 1. Nafziger encyclopedia of life support systems eolss most of the maize production in the usa is concentrated in the us corn belt, the largest area in the world where soils and climate are well suited to largescale maize pro. Though malawi maize production fluctuated substantially in recent years, it tended to increase through 1970 2019 period ending at 3,400 tonnes in 2019. One aspect that received intensified research attention in the last three or four decades is the genetic enhancement of early and extraearly maturing germplasm for resistance or tolerance. We show the possible impacts on maize production in africa and latin america to 2055, using highresolution methods to generate characteristic daily weather data for driving a detailed simulation model of the maize crop.
Adaptation strategies to climate change in maize systems in subsaharan africa are likely to include improved germplasm with tolerance to drought and heat stress and improved management practices. Global maize production, utilization, and consumption ranum. Mbithi 2000 analysed the influence of output prices, rainfall, liberalisation, fertiliser prices, and time trend on maize production in kenya using data for the period 1970 to 1998 in order to ascertain the determinants of maize production in the country and the. Technical considerations for maize flour and corn meal forti. The crop can be grown in various soils and weather conditions. In 2019, maize production for uganda was 2,800 tonnes. Mar 20, 2014 maize can be processed into a variety of food and industrial products, including starch, sweeteners, oil, beverages, glue, industrial alcohol, and fuel ethanol. Maize revolutions in sub saharan africa melinda smale, derek byerlee x, and thom jayne melinda smale and thom jayne are with michigan state university and the tegemeo institute of agricultural policy and development, egerton university, kenya.
With the twofold problem of food insecurity and declining soil fertility in mind, this report provides an insight into the real costs of an agricultural system that focuses on maize as the only crop, and offers concrete solutions to mitigate these costs. Maize remains a key food crop in africa, latin america and asia where it is primarily used as human food. Maize farming and production business in africa is a highpotential opportunity for the continent. For maize virus diseases, vectors, weedy grasses, other poaceous crops, and maize itself can serve as reservoirs or sources of diseasecausing viruses. At the national level, hybrid and ordinary maize should be reported separately owing to widely different yields. But before delving into greyling and pardey story, i thought it would be good to briefly present the history of the maize production, with a focus on south africa. It possesses over 32,000 genes on ten chromosomes with a genome size of 2.
Maize value chains in east africa international growth centre. Indias maize production is in between 1014 million tones, with 80 90% of the production being in the kharif season. Maize requires between 450mm and 600mm of water per season, mainly acquired from soil moisture reserves. Projected maize production for the period 20092010 to 202014 59 figure 31. Awareness and sensitization on aflatoxins to farmers and all the stakeholders are therefore an important part of any intervention strategy to manage the problem. In 2019, maize production for malawi was 3,400 tonnes. Integrated management in africa constraints and opportunities of maize production in western kenya a baseline assessment of striga extent, severity, and control technologies joseph ndwiga, jimmy pittchar, peter musyoka, dickens nyagol, george marechera, gospel omanya, and mel oluoch isma. Maize and groundnut, staple crops for millions across west africa, are the most susceptible crops to aflatoxin contamination. There is a particular focus on the role of the private sector. The maize value chain in tanzania food and agriculture.
The potential impacts of climate change on maize production. Mar 14, 2018 maize is produced in all the provinces of south africa, but the most significant producing regions are the free state, gauteng, mpumalanga and the northwest provinces. This is 38% of total grain production, which amounts to 2,6 billion tons. Wheat comes in second at about 750 million tons, and rice third at about 480 million tons. Maize grows best on deep, welldrained, fertile soils, and where total seasonal rainfall exceeds 500 mm. Maize zea mays is today the most widely grown grain crop, with global production standing at just over one billion tons. The analysis covers each of the five subregions of africa whereby national data on maize production, area harvested and yield in each member. Constraints and opportunities of maize production in. New varieties to boost maize output in west and central africa. Maize production in south africa the production of maize in south africa is concentrated in the north west, free state, mpumalanga and kwazulunatal provinces. At the national level, hybrid and ordinary maize should be reported separately owing to widely different yields and. Fertilizer use and maize production in subsaharan africa.
Maize is reasonably tolerant to soil acidity, but if the soil is very acid, liming will improve the soil and enhance maize yields. Another major cereal, maize, has overtaken these traditional cereals while wheat is widely cultivated in north africa and in sudan and ethiopia. The response of maize production in kenya to economic incentives. Maize is susceptible to both drought and waterlogging. In the last 10 years, the use of maize for fuel production significantly increased, accounting for approximately 40% of the maize production in the united states. Maize production in west and central africa is set to get a muchneeded boost with the release of improved varieties by the nigeria national variety release committee. The drivers of maize area expansion in subsaharan africa. Maize also forms the basis for the production for most animal feeds in nigeria. A recently published research paper by agricultural economists jan greyling and philip pardey in the agrekon journal brings home some key points about south africa s maize production in terms of. While this is factual, maize also has a long and rich history on the african continent that dates back to the 16 th century which i will share with you. Pdf global maize production, utilization, and consumption. Maize can be processed into a variety of food and industrial products, including starch, sweeteners, oil, beverages, glue, industrial alcohol, and fuel ethanol. Twothirds of all africa maize come from eastern and southern africa verheye, 2010. Adapting maize production to climate change in subsaharan.
I am also glad to assisting the preparation of this. America produces 32 percent of the worlds maize crop, making it the global leader in maize production. Top 5 global and african exporters of maize, 200420. Increased awareness will help enhance the adoption of. For the total world production it is estimated that maize is grown on about 118 million hectares of which 19 million hectares are estimated to be cultivated in africa. An overview of maize processing chemical composition of maize. The effect of biofuel production on other food crop prices is indirect. Maize production origin, maize global scenario maize production in kamataka maize production in the study area problems of maize production uti 1 ization pattern of maize marketing of maize farm gate price of maize b. History of maize production in south africa 1 min read.
Sa maize production figures vary from season to season, but generally about eight million tons of maize grain are produced annually in south africa on 3,1 million hectares. Patterns of change in maize production the patterns of maize production in africa are analyzed over a 20year period 1986 2006 in order to identify policy options for developing the maize subsector. Assessing the constraints affecting production and. The varieties address many of the major constraints to maize production such.
Maize markets in eastern and southern africa food and. Maize also known as corn in some countries is one of the most common and important food crops across africa. It is designed to senre as a basic reference document for. Maize is the most abundant crop grown in the united states. Kenya, zambia, and zimbabwe indicates that african farmers were capable of generating. Hybrid maize seed production involves deliberately crossing a female parent population with a male parent in isolated fields. Mbithi 2000 analysed the influence of output prices, rainfall, liberalisation, fertiliser prices, and time trend on maize production in kenya using data for the period 1970 to 1998 in order to ascertain the determinants of. In africa, maize production is continuously and severely affected by a number of threats. Dec 01, 2018 overall, south african maize production underwent some extraordinary changes over the past century.
Worldwide consumption of maize is more than 116 million tons, with africa consuming 30% and ssa 21%. Africa faces a wide range of challenges in the production of the five major cereals considered in this work stream rice, maize, millet, sorghum and wheat. The response of maize production in kenya to economic. Half of this consists of white maize for human food consumption. In 1904, south africa produced 328 000 tonnes of maize. Global maize production, utilization, and consumption.
1564 322 752 1587 1184 731 1152 296 1055 1325 360 1127 1413 784 105 1391 854 1481 1379 124 1162 815 858 98 1453 1206 765 435